Macleaya Cordata Plant Extract Sanguinarine Uses

Macleaya Cordata Plant Extract Sanguinarine

Sanguinarine is a alkaloid mainly exist in Macleaya Cordata plant. It is known for its bright orange-red color and traditionally uses for its medicinal properties, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, also potential anticancer properties.

Molecular formula: [C20H14N04]+

Relative molecular mass: 332

CAS-nro: 2447-54-3

Extract sources: The whole plant with roots of the Macleaya Cordata Plant.

Varastointi: Store at 2-8°C, away from light. Store the sanguinarine powder at low temperature. If exposed to air for a long time, the content will decrease.

Melting point: 277-280℃, soluble in methanol and ethanol.

1.Antibacterial effect of Sanguinarine in Macleaya Cordata

Sanguinarine has a preventive and therapeutic effect on fish diseases caused by some bacteria. Antibacterial activity studies show that sanguinarine has inhibitory effects on 6 aquatic pathogenic bacteria, among which it has the strongest activity against Aeromonas hydrophila subsp.

Yu Jianping (2006) research showed that sanguinarine hydrochloride has a strong antibacterial effect on Trichoderma, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Mucor, and yeast. Among them, the minimum antibacterial concentrations of Penicillium and Mucor are 80g/mL. The minimum antibacterial concentrations of Trichoderma, Rhizopus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae and yeast are all less than 40ug/mL. As a natural antibacterial agent of plant origin, it has a wide antibacterial spectrum and the effect is very obvious.

Relative Research:

The Chinese herbal medicine Macleaya cordata plant has the functions of detoxification, swelling and insecticide. Modern pharmacological research shows that Macleaya cordata plant is effective in treating various inflammations. As the main active ingredient of Macleaya cordata, sanguinarine also plays an important role in the efficacy of Macleaya cordata plant.

In vitro antibacterial tests and veterinary clinical trials show that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIc) of Macleaya cordata extract injection against Escherichia coli is 7.81ug/mL. The total effective rate in treating piglets with jaundice and white scour is 80%, also with a small dosage, low cost and other advantages. Macleaya cordata extract has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory effects and has a good therapeutic effect on piglets with yellow and white scour.

Rao Maoyang et al. (2001) selected an oral liquid made from pure Chinese herbal medicines. It contains Macleaya cordata plant, Andrographis paniculata, also Sophora flavescens as raw materials. The test showed that it has good treatment on common poultry diseases such as avian cholera, pullorum, and typhoid dysentery. The cure rates of 2,493 local hybrid chickens and ducks were 93.9%, 93.3% ja 94.7% respectively, with the average cure rate of 93.9%.

Yu Jiansheng (2007) and others found that Macleaya cordata plant injection is using the active ingredients extracted sanguinarine. Clinical trials also shown that it has good therapeutic effects on swine erysipelas, piglet diarrhea, enteritis, avian cholera, and poultry diarrhea.

2.Insecticide effect

Wang Gaoxue et al. (2007) found that sanguinarine can completely kill fish ringworm when the mass concentration is above 0.6 mg/L. Meanwhile it has a certain effect on goldfish ringworm when the mass concentration is between 0.4 ja 0.6 mg/L. When the mass concentration is lower than 0.4 mg/L, the compound have no insecticidal activity.

Sun Guangzhong et al. (2003) tested and proved that 1% sanguinarine powder has a good killing effect on apple two-spotted spider mites. When the conte

nt is 2500 times, the control effect is same as 20% pyridafen which is widely used in production. Sanguinarine powder is equivalent to 2500 times liquid.
Feng Gang et al. (2008) also found that sanguinarine has a high poisonous effect on the 3rd instar larvae of armyworms in the experiment. As a result dihydrosinguinarine may be one of the main insecticidal active ingredients of Macleaya cordata plant.
The test results of Yuan Taozhong and others showed that Macleaya cordata extract has a killing effect on fly maggots. The LC50 of Macleaya cordata extract to the 3rd instar maggots tested was 148.75g/L.
Gong Zhongfu et al. (2002) observed the killing activity of extracts of 19 plant species such as Macleaya cordata against rabbit itch mites through in vitro insecticide tests. The results show that seven original plants extracts can kill adult rabbit itch mites within 4 hours. Including Macleaya cordata plant, rhizoma root, orange peel, white peel, neem bark, sophora flavescens, and tangerine root. Among those only Macleaya cordata extract can kill itch mites within 2 hours, also its activity is better than 2mg/L abamectin aqueous solution.

3.Improve liver function and enhance immunity

Macleaya cordata plant extract has a good immune-enhancing effect and has a stimulating effect on the functions of T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes. For acute liver injury caused by multiple drugs, Macleaya cordata extract has shown a good effect on improving liver function. It can significantly reduce serum lactate deaminase (LDH) levels, reduce animal mortality, and increase serum albumin/globulin (A/ G ) ratio, effectively protects liver cell membranes and inhibits liver fibrosis.

4.Anti-cancer

Sanguinarine is found in a variety of plant extracts and has been used in traditional Chinese medicine and North American traditional medicine for centuries due to its wide range of pharmacological effects. Sanguinarine is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat a variety of illnesses, including cancer.

Research and development:

Duke (1985) found that sanguinarine has a therapeutic effect on pancreatic cancer. Experiments have shown that sanguinarine can inhibit the growth and development of pancreatic cancer cells AsPC-1 and BxPC-3, as well as their colony formation ability.
Haseeb Ahsan (2007) also confirmed that sanguinarine can induce apoptosis of human pancreatic cancer cells AsPC-1 and BxPC-3 by regulating the Bcl-2 protein pathway.
Chang et al. (2007) showed that sanguinarine can also inhibit the colony formation and growth ability of KB cancer cells. After 24 hours of exposure, compared with the control group, the 2pM and 3pM sanguinarine groups showed toxic effects on KB cancer cells, with MTT reduced to 83% ja 52% respectively. In addition, the 2pM and 3uM sanguinarine groups clearly shows the effect of inducing KB cell apoptosis.
Teresa L et al. (2008) found that sanguinarine can kill K1735-M2 cells and hinder their proliferation.
Holy J et al (2006) demonstrated that sanguinarine inhibits breast cancer by cleaving the nucleocytoplasmic transport pathway of MCF-7 cell cyclin. Before Huang Xinhui et al. (2001) found that sanguinarine can inhibit the proliferation of sMM C-7721 human liver cancer cells. Sanguinarine has a significant killing effect on liver cancer cells.
Lee B et al. (2008) experiment showed that sanguinarine has a regulatory effect on vascular smooth muscle.
Wu Maowang et al. (2008) found that Macleaya Cordata extract affects the activity of Ca2+, Mg2+ ATPase and SDH in rat myocardium. While the sanguinarine in Macleaya Cordata can affect the flow of Ca2+ , both protein kinase and Ca2+ are involved in apoptosis signal transduction and regulate apoptosis. In addition, sanguinarine also inhibits cholinesterase activity, enhances cardiac activity, stimulates saliva secretion, and has diuretic and peripheral anti-adrenolytic and sympathetic effects.

5.Sanguinarine uses in pesticides

Sanguinarine is one of the main active ingredients in the total alkaloids from the poppy plant Macleaya Cordata extract, in sum it has certain effects on preventive insect.

The preparation is 1% sanguinarine wettable powder (5% total alkaloids wettable powder). This medicine has certain preventive effects on vegetable cabbage caterpillars, bean aphids, apple yellow aphids, two-spotted spider mites, also pear psyllids. The dosage for controlling cabbage caterpillars and bean aphids is 30-50 grams of 1% wettable powder per 667 square meters. Spraying the cabbage caterpillars in the young larval stage has the best control effect; it controls apple tree aphids, two-spotted spider mites, and pear tree psyllids. Use 1% wettable powder with a dilution factor of 1500-2500 times. Generally, the best control effect is uniform spraying during the young nymph stages of spider mites and pear psyllids. The quick-acting effect of this drug is average. Usually, the control effect is obviously increased 3 days after the drug is administered. The duration of effect is about 7 days, and it is safe for crops.

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